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2017年高考英语语法必考知识点:反意疑问句特殊句式

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▲高考英语语法必考知识点:反意疑问句特殊句式

英语中,反意疑问句是由陈述句和附在其后的附加疑问句组成。其中附加疑问句是对陈述句所说的事实或观点提出疑问,起证实作用,一般用于证实说话者所说的事实或观点。

▲高考英语语法必考知识点:反意疑问句特殊句式

There be 句型陈述句比较特殊, 其附加疑问句的结构为there be的倒装,而不带句子主语。

例如:

There is something wrong with the computer, isn't there 这台电脑有点毛病,是不是

There aren't any fish in the river, are there 这条河里没有鱼, 是吗

▲高考英语语法必考知识点:反意疑问句特殊句式

当陈述部分的主语是everyone, everybody, someone, nobody, no one, none, anyone, somebody等合成不定代词时, 在非正式文体中,附加疑问句中的主语通常用he或they。

例如:

Someone opened the door, didn't he/they 有人开了门,是不是

Nobody went to the cinema, did they 没人去看电影,是吗

▲高考英语语法必考知识点:反意疑问句特殊句式

当陈述部分的主语是everything, nothing, something, anything等合成词,附加疑问句中的主语用it。

例如:

Nothing serious happened, did it 什么事情也没有发生,对吗

Everything is ready, isn't it 一切准备就绪了,不是吗

▲高考英语语法必考知识点:反意疑问句特殊句式

当陈述部分的谓语动词是am的肯定形式时,附加疑问句的谓语动词用aren't,而不用am not;当陈述部分的谓语动词为am not时,附加疑问句的谓语仍用am。

例如:

I am five years younger than you, aren't I 我比你小五岁,不是吗

I am not late, am I 我没有迟到,对吗

▲高考英语语法必考知识点:反意疑问句特殊句式

当陈述部分带有few, little, hardly, scarcely, rarely, seldom, never, nowhere, nothing, no one, nobody等表示否定或半否定意义的词时,附加疑问句的动词用肯定形式。

例如: The old man can hardly read, can he 这位老人不识字,对吗 Little food has been left, has it 吃的东西几乎没剩下,是吗 He has few good friends, has he 他几乎没有要好的朋友,是不是

▲高考英语语法必考知识点:反意疑问句特殊句式

当陈述句部分带有否定前缀的词时,此陈述句当作肯定句, 其后的附加部分用否定形式。

例如: The students were impolite, weren't they 那些学生没有礼貌,不是吗 It's illegal to drive a car without a license, isn't it 没有驾照开车是违章的,不是吗

〔注〕含有否定含义的词在陈述部分作动词的宾语时,其反意疑问句用肯定结构,也可以用否定结构。

例如:

You got nothing from him, did you 你从他那儿什么也没得到,是吗

▲高考英语语法必考知识点:反意疑问句特殊句式

如果陈述句是主从复合句而主句的谓语是动词I(we) + think, believe, suppose, imagine, reckon, fancy等词时,附加部分应与从句中的谓语在时态上保持一致。

例如:

I suppose you are not serious, are you 我想你不是当真吧,是吗(不可用don't I) We think they have finished their homework, haven't they 我们认为他们已经完成了家庭作业,不是吗 I believe that you will enjoy the party, won't you 我相信你会喜欢这次聚会的,不是吗

▲高考英语语法必考知识点:反意疑问句特殊句式

当陈述部分是祈使句时,附加部分可以不与前面的祈使句的动词保持一致,而是根据不同的用意选用shall, will, can 等。

例如:

Don't make noise, will you 不要吵闹,行吗 Let's help each other, will you/won't you 让我们互相帮助,好吗

Let me do it for you, will you/won't you 让我来帮你做这件事,行吗

Let us have a look at your new dictionary, will you/won't you 让我们看一看你的新词典,好吗

〔注〕Let's(包括说话者本人)开头的祈使句,附加部分常用shall we或shan't we 表示征求意见。

Let us/me/him不包括听话人在内开头的祈使句,附加部分则要用will you或won't you

▲高考英语语法必考知识点:反意疑问句特殊句式

含had better的陈述句,附加部分用助动词had; 含would 的陈述句,附加部分动词用would。

例如:

You'd better go home now, hadn't you 你最好现在回家,好不好

You'd like to see the film, wouldn't you 你很想看电影,是吗

〔注〕陈述部分有have to 时,其反意疑问句要用助动词的否定形式。

例如:

You have to water the vegetables every day, don't you你每天都要浇菜,对吧

▲高考英语语法必考知识点:反意疑问句特殊句式

陈述部分的主语是不定代词one时,反意疑问句的主语可以用one,也可用you(美式英语用he)。

例如:

One should be ready to help others, shouldn't one 每个人都应该乐于助人,是吧

※ 当陈述部分主语是从句、不定式(短语)、动词-ing形式时,反意疑问句的主语应该用it。

例如:

What you need is more important, isn't it你需要的东西更重要,是吧

▲高考英语语法必考知识点:反意疑问句特殊句式

用must表推测的反意疑问句的有关用法

1) 对现在情况的推测,问句部分用主动词(do,be)一般现在时的适当形式。若是现在进行时,问句部分用现在进行时的适当形式表示。若是there be结构,问句用isn't/aren't there。

如: a. He must be there,isn't he

b. He must have a big family,doesn't he

c. He must be waiting outside,isn't he

d. There must be some students in the room,aren't there

2) 对已发生的过去情况的推测,若陈述句谓语部分有“must have done”,而且有表示过去的时间状语,问句部分用didn't;若没有表示过去的时间状语,问句部分用haven't或hasn't。

如:

a. They must have gone there last night,didn't they

b. They must have arrived by now,haven't they(根据by now来判断)

c. They must have been to the Great Wall,haven't they

3) 若是被动,应按被动结构来处理。如:

a. The room must have been cleaned yesterday,wasn't it

b. The room must have been cleaned,hasn't it

4) 若句中有表示过去完成时的时间状语,问句部分应用hadn't.

如:

They must have learnt 5000 English words by the end of last term,hadn't they (本题中must表推测,如果将它去掉,还原为真实句就是They had learnt 5000 English words by the end of last term.因此,反意问句是hadn't)

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