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2017年高考英语语法必考知识点:动词不定式的省略

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▲高考英语语法必考知识点:动词不定式的省略

(1)情态动词( 除ought 外,ought to意思是“应该”,是情态动词,只有一种形式,后边接动词不定式,to不能省略。ought to没有人称和数的变化,后接动词原形可以表示现在、将来或过去将来,由时间状语或上下文决定。例如:

They ought to come tomorrow.他们明天应当来):

(2)使役动词let,have,make:

(3)感官动词see,watch,look at,notice,observe,hear,listen to,smell,feel,find 等后作宾补,省略to。

注意:在被动语态中则to 不能省掉。

在使役动词中get除外(get sb. to do sth.)

I saw him dance.

=He was seen to dance.

The boss made them work the whole night.

=They were made to work the whole night.

(4) 表示个人意愿或倾向的would rather,had better,might(just) as well:rather than置于句首时。

Rather than ride on a crowded bus,he always prefers to ride a bike.

(5) Why… / why not…:

(6) help 可带to,也可不带to,help sb (to) do sth:

(7) but和except:but前是动词do时,后面出现的动词用不带to的动词不定式。

(8) 由and,or和than连接的两个不定式,第二个to 可以省去:

(9) 通常在discover,imagine,suppose,think,understand等词后,可以省去to be:

He is supposed (to be) nice.他应该是个好人。

(10)but作介词,后接不定式结构时,前面谓语动词部分若含有do的形式时,but后的不定式要省去to,否则要带to。

He wants to do nothing but go out.

He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.

(11)当两个或多个不定时短语由连词and,but或or连接时,后一个或几个不定式符号to常省略。但若表示对比、对照关系时,则不能省略。

He wants to move to France and marry the girl.

The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,not to make it more difficult.

(12)不定式做表语时,一般要带to,但若主语部分中含有do的各种形式时,符号to可省去。

We've missed the last bus.All we could do now is walk home.

▲高考英语语法必考知识点:动词不定式的省略

动词不定式为非谓语动词的一种形式,由“小品词to+动词原形”构成,但有时小品词to可以省略,下面便是笔者归纳的几组动词不定式省略to的情况:

1. 与助动词和情态动词一起构成复合谓语时,可以省略to。例:

(1)He doesn’t like singing.他不喜欢唱歌。

(2)He will come here tomorrow.他明天将到这儿来。[注]在ought, used, be, have之后仍带to。例如:

(3)These machines ought to be cleaned once a day.这些机器应该一天清洗一次。

(4)My father used to go fishing.我的父亲过去常去钓鱼。

▲高考英语语法必考知识点:动词不定式的省略

2. 在感观动词(see, watch, notice等)和使役动词(let, make, have等)后面作宾语补足语时,省略to。例:

(1)He noticed a stranger come into the room just now.他刚才看见一个陌生人进了那个房间。

(2)The boss often made him do very hard work.老板经常让他做非常苦的工作。

[注]此类动词用于被动语态时(watch, have to一般不变被动语态),其后作主语补足语的不定式必须带to。

▲高考英语语法必考知识点:动词不定式的省略

3. 用于but, except和besides三个介词之后,但这些介词之前须有行为动词do的各种形式,用不带to的不定式。例:

(1)He could do nothing but wait.他只有等待。

(2)I have done nothing except do what I should.我只是做了我应该做的。

(3)What do you like to do besides reading.除了读书,你还喜欢干什么

▲高考英语语法必考知识点:动词不定式的省略

4. 在had better, would rather, would sooner等短语之后,不定式不带to。例:

(1)I would rather not tell you.我看还是不告诉你的好。

(2)Better wait a few days.最好再等几天。

▲高考英语语法必考知识点:动词不定式的省略

5. 将连词rather than, sooner than置于句首时,其后的不定式不接to。例:

(1)Rather than see the film, I prefer to watch TV.我宁愿看电视也不看电影

(2)Sooner than marry that man, she would earn her living as a waitress.她情愿以服务为生,也不愿与那男子结婚。

[注]than, rather than在其它位置时,也常不带to,但如果表示对比或在比较句型中要带to。例:

(3)He decided to write rather than to telephone.(对比)他决定写信而不是打电话。

(4)He believes it important to study rather than to make friends.(比较)他认为最重要的是学习而不是交朋友。

(5)He likes to swim more than skate.比起溜冰他更喜欢游泳。

▲高考英语语法必考知识点:动词不定式的省略

6. 在以why(not)开头的简短疑问句中,用不带to的不定式。例:

(1)Why waste time为什么要浪费时间

(2)Why not go there with me为什么不和我一起去那里

▲高考英语语法必考知识点:动词不定式的省略

7. 如主语部分含有实义动词do,而不定式作表语时,to可以省去。例:

(1)The only thing you can do is wait and see.你只好等着瞧。

▲高考英语语法必考知识点:动词不定式的省略

8. 几个不定式并列时,常只在第一个前加to,后面的to常可不带。例:

(1)Do you want to have a rest or work till ten o’clock你是想休息一会儿呢还是一直工作到十点

(2)It’s kind of you to come and see me.你能来看我真是太好了。

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2017年高考英语语法必考知识点:动词不定式作定语
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2017年高考英语语法必考知识点:动词不定式作表语
2017年高考英语语法必考知识点:动词不定式作补语

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