托福阅读真题试卷托福阅读1-58 真题优质

时间：2023-04-29 11:51:50 小编：zdfb

范文为教学中作为模范的文章，也常常用来指写作的模板。常常用于文秘写作的参考，也可以作为演讲材料编写前的参考。写范文的时候需要注意什么呢？有哪些格式需要注意呢？以下是我为大家搜集的优质范文，仅供参考，一起来看看吧

托福阅读真题试卷托福阅读1-58 真题篇一

没有一个大学，是比拥有我们从未使用过的能力的'大自我和人类意志与理智所创造的现实，更能包罗万象的了。以下是小编为大家搜索整理的历年托福阅读考试真题复习，希望能给大家带来帮助!更多精彩内容请及时关注我们应届毕业生考试网!

the most thoroughly studied cases of deception strategies employed by ground-nesting birds involve plovers, small birds that typically nest on beaches or in open fields, their nests merely scrapes in the sand or earth. plovers also have an effective repertoire of tricks for distracting potential nest predators from their exposed and defenseless eggs or chicks.

the ever-watchful plover can detect a possible threat at a considerable distance. when she does, the nesting bird moves inconspicuously off the nest to a spot well away from eggs or chicks. at this point she may use one of several ploys. one technique involves first moving quietly toward an approaching animal and then setting off noisily through the grass or brush in a low, crouching run away from the nest, while emitting rodent like squeaks. the effect mimics a scurrying mouse or vole, and the behavior rivets the attention of the type of predators that would also be interested in eggs and chicks.

another deception begins with quiet movement to an exposed and visible location well away from the nest. once there, the bird pretends to incubate a brood. when the predator approaches, the parent flees, leaving the false nest to be searched. the direction in which the plover "escapes" is such that if the predator chooses to follow, it will be led still further away from the true nest.

the plover's most famous stratagem is the broken-wing display, actually a continuum of injury-mimicking behaviors spanning the range from slight disability to near-complete helplessness. one or both wings are held in an abnormal position, suggesting injury. the bird appears to be attempting escape along an irregular route that indicates panic. in the most extreme version of the display, the bird flaps one wing in an apparent attempt to take to the air, flops over helplessly, struggles back to its feet, runs away a short distance, seemingly attempts once more to take off, flops over again as the "useless" wing fails to provide any lift, and so on. few predators fail to pursue such obviously vulnerable prey. needless to say, each short run between "flight attempts" is directed away from the nest.

1. what does the passage mainly discuss?

(a) the nest-building techniques of plovers

(b) how predators search for plovers

(d) why plovers are vulnerable to predators

2. the word "merely" in fine 3 is closest in meaning to

(a) often

(b) only

(d) at first

3. which of the following is mentioned in the passage about plovers?

(a) their eggs and chicks are difficult to find.

(b) they are generally defenseless when away from their nests.

(d) their nests are on the surface of the ground.