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▲高考英语语法必考知识点：现在分词作定语
单个分词作定语时放在所修饰名词前。
分词短语作定语时放在后，并且名词与现在分词之间存有逻辑上的主谓关系。这是区分现在分词作定语和动名词作定语的判断方法之一。
e.g.a running boy
，the girl standing there
并且一般都可以转化为一个进行时的定语从句。
e.g.a boy who is running，a girl who is standing there
▲高考英语语法必考知识点：现在分词作定语
注意1：分词的完成时不可作定语
注意2：在message letter sign news notice等词后要用现在分词作定语，不用过去分词，这是考试的易错点。
注意3：某些现在分词作定语时，已不再表示动作，已经从分词变为了形容词词性，如interesting story，an exciting match。这些也可以属于现在分词作定语，但是不能转化为相应的定语从句，但是可以有三级变化（原级、比较级、最高级）和被某些副词如very修饰。
▲高考英语语法必考知识点：现在分词作定语
现在分词作定语时很多，有时单独作定语，放在所修饰的词前面：
He is a promising young man.他时一个有培养前途的青年。
It is a fascinating city.这是一座迷人的城市。
Wisconsin is the leading dairy state.威斯康星乳牛产品领先各州。
They are visiting in a neighbouring town.他们在临近一座城市访问。
▲高考英语语法必考知识点：现在分词作定语
也可引起一个短语，放在所修饰的词后面：
There is someone knocking at the door.有人在敲门。
I know a man working in that factory.我认识一个在那家工厂干活的人。
The girl sitting beside me is my cousin.坐在我旁边的姑娘是我的表妹。
Do you know the man talking to her和她说话的男子你认识吗
▲高考英语语法必考知识点：现在分词作定语
现在分词也有时可用作状语，修饰谓语，表示：
1)同时发生的另一动作：
A boy came running in.一个男孩跑进屋来。
I went shopping with mother in town.我和妈妈一道进城买东西。
Following Tom, they started to climb.他们跟着汤姆往上爬。
2)原因：
Not knowing the way, he couldn’t go there.由于不知道路，他无法到那里去。
Being excited, she couldn’t go to sleep.因为激动她睡不着。
3)时间：
Hearing the news, we jumped with joy.听到这消息时我们高兴得跳了起来。
Turning around, he saw a tiger running up.他转过身时看到一只老虎跑了过来。
有时和when或while连用：
They got engaged when traveling in Europe.他们在欧洲旅游时订了婚。
His fingers trembled while doing so.他这样做时手指颤抖了一下。
▲高考英语语法必考知识点：现在分词作定语
Exercises:
1. 在下面句子中作定语的分词或分词短语下划线：
1) He is a promising young man.
2) It is a fascinating city.
3) He was one of the leading composers of the time.
4) Who is the girl standing on her hands
5) They built a road leading to the village.
6) Who knows the missing words in the sentence
7) My aunt told us an amusing story.
8) In our village live 350 families belonging to three nationalities.
9) There is a car waiting at the door.
10) Don’t wake the sleeping child.
▲高考英语语法必考知识点：现在分词作定语
在下面句子中由分词或分词短语表示的状语下划线：
1) Traveling by jeep, we visited a number of cities.
2) We couldn’t help them, being so poor ourselves.
3) Coming down the mountain, we met Jim on the way.
4) We spent a lot of money rebuilding the house.
5) He worked the whole afternoon trying to repair the car.
6) Not knowing the language, he couldn’t get a job.
7) The manager came towards us smiling.
8) Having failed twice, they didn’t want to try again.
9) Being a student, she was naturally interested in museums.
10) Turning around, she saw a man following her.
11) When leaving the airport, they waved to us again and again.
12) While staying there, I learnt a lot from them.
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2017年高考英语语法必考知识点：动词不定式的完成进行式